Plasma acceleration on multiscale temporal variations of electric and magnetic fields during substorm dipolarization in the Earth’s magnetotail

Abstract

Magnetic field dipolarizations are often observed in the magnetotail during substorms. These generally include three temporal scales: (1) actual dipolarization when the normal magnetic field changes during several minutes from minimum to maximum level ; (2) sharp 15Bz">  bursts (pulses) interpreted as the passage of multiple dipolarization fronts with characteristic time scales < 1 min, and (3) bursts of electric and magnetic  fluctuations with frequencies up to electron gyrofrequency occurring at the smallest time scales (≤ 1 s).  We present a numerical model where the contributions of the above processes (1)-(3) in particle acceleration are analyzed. It is shown that these processes have a resonant character at different temporal scales. While O⁺ ions are more likely accelerated due to the mechanism (1), H⁺  ions (and to some extent   electrons) are effectively accelerated due to the second mechanism. High-frequency electric and magnetic fluctuations accompanying magnetic dipolarization as in (3) are also found to efficiently accelerate electrons.