HF radio emissions as a tool of ionospheric plasma diagnostics
Main Article Content
Abstract
The electromagnetic emission in the topside ionosphere has been investigated since the first satellites were located on the orbits. HF measurements can be used to diagnose the different electron plasma waves as well as the typical ionospheric parameters like f0F2. This paper presents the examples of measurements of the ionospheric RF radio noises in 0.1-10.0 MHz frequency range, which have been observed on the boards of the Intercosmos-19, Intercosmos-24, APEX satellites in the period 1979-1992, and the current experiment CORONAS.
Article Details
How to Cite
Rothkaehl, H. and Klos, Z. (1996) “HF radio emissions as a tool of ionospheric plasma diagnostics”, Annals of Geophysics, 39(4). doi: 10.4401/ag-4002.
Issue
Section
OLD
Open-Access License
No Permission Required
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia applies the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) to all works we publish.
Under the CCAL, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, so long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.
In most cases, appropriate attribution can be provided by simply citing the original article.
If the item you plan to reuse is not part of a published article (e.g., a featured issue image), then please indicate the originator of the work, and the volume, issue, and date of the journal in which the item appeared. For any reuse or redistribution of a work, you must also make clear the license terms under which the work was published.
This broad license was developed to facilitate open access to, and free use of, original works of all types. Applying this standard license to your own work will ensure your right to make your work freely and openly available. For queries about the license, please contact ann.geophys@ingv.it.